Corn and Calluses

Corns and calluses are thickened areas of skin that form in response to repeated friction or pressure, typically on the feet. While they are often mistaken for one another, they have distinct differences. Understanding what causes them and how to treat them can help you manage discomfort and keep your feet healthy.

What Are Corns and Calluses?

• Corns are smaller, localized areas of thickened skin, usually with a hard center. They often form on the tops or sides of toes, where there’s constant rubbing or pressure from footwear. Corns can be painful, especially when pressure is applied to them.
• Calluses, on the other hand, are larger, thicker patches of skin that typically develop on the soles of the feet or heels. They form as a protective mechanism in response to repeated friction or pressure, but they’re usually not painful unless they become very thick.

Causes of Corns and Calluses

Both corns and calluses develop from friction or pressure, which causes the skin to thicken in order to protect itself. Common causes include:

• Ill-fitting shoes: Tight or poorly fitting shoes, especially those with narrow toe boxes or high heels, can create pressure points on the feet, leading to corns and calluses.
• Abnormal foot mechanics: Conditions like flat feet, bunions, or hammertoes can cause uneven pressure on the feet, contributing to the formation of these thickened areas.
• Repetitive activity: Activities such as running or walking long distances, especially without proper footwear, can also lead to the development of corns and calluses.

Symptoms of Corns and Calluses

While both are typically harmless, they can become painful or bothersome, especially if the thickened skin puts pressure on nerves or surrounding tissue. Symptoms may include:

• Pain or tenderness: Corns can be particularly painful when pressure is applied, while calluses may cause discomfort if they become thick or rough.
• Thick, hardened skin: Corns often have a hard, central core, while calluses are typically larger and more widespread.
• Rough or flaky skin: In some cases, the skin around the corn or callus may appear dry or cracked.

Treatment for Corns and Calluses

Most corns and calluses can be treated with simple at-home care, but it’s important to avoid aggressive removal methods that can damage the skin.

• Soaking: Soak your feet in warm, soapy water to soften the thickened skin before gently rubbing it with a pumice stone or foot file.
• Moisturizing: Apply a thick foot cream or lotion after soaking to keep the skin hydrated and prevent it from becoming too dry or cracked.
• Footwear adjustments: Choose shoes that fit properly and avoid those that cause pressure or friction on your feet. Padded insoles or protective pads can also help reduce discomfort.
• Orthotics: Custom insoles can help address underlying foot issues, such as uneven pressure or abnormal foot mechanics, that contribute to the development of corns and calluses.
• Debridement: Routine shaving down of the corns or calluses can prevent them from building up, causing pain, and developing into ulcerations.

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